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main events, 183, 302
patterns of, 15
resolution, 17, 19, 56, 120 rising action, 17, 20
sequence of events, 17, 39, 177
Plot diagram, 20
Poetry, 15, 16, 62, 75, 78, 80, 184, 296,
299, 301, 304
epic, 31
found poem, 214, 215, 216 narrative, 31
structure of, 62
Point of view, 8, 10
first person, 10, 30, 91, 196 third-person, 10, 30
Political cartoons, 262, 263
Prose, 214
Pun, 304, 306, 308, 309
Quotations, 5–7, 121, 173, 174, 279, 322 Repetition, 274, 300
Ridicule, 279, 280 Sarcasm, 279, 280 Satire, 254, 277, 279 Science fiction, 102, 119 Sermon, 76
Setting, 10, 17, 29, 30, 119, 126, 177, 192, 198, 199, 200, 205, 211, 213, 217, 288 social circumstances of, 126–127
Short story, 22, 111, 283, 308 Simile, 294
Speaker, 5, 16, 64
Speech, 223, 227, 240 Stanza, 184
Structure, 9, 15, 26, 27, 36, 37, 39, 53, 54, 62, 67, 77, 89, 90, 103, 108, 116, 126, 142, 157, 161, 162, 183, 210, 211, 215, 224, 225, 229, 242, 256, 267, 274, 279, 285, 286, 293, 300, 302, 305, 313, 331
Student Expository Essay, 312 Style, 269, 293, 300
formal, 83
informal, 68
Symbol/symbolism, 4, 15, 126, 178, 210 Syntax, 275
Theme (universal truth), 62, 67, 116,
120, 121, 123, 126, 134, 180, 181–186, 185, 186, 189, 192, 198, 200, 201, 205, 206, 211, 213, 217, 269, 272, 275, 276, 283, 294, 295, 307, 310, 311, 314,
315, 341
Theme statement, 64, 217, 295
Tone, 60, 177, 201–205, 223, 263, 268,
275, 286, 288, 300
list of tone words, 61
shifts in, 27, 62, 64, 166, 205
Topic, 262, 263
Use of language, 9, 39, 53, 55, 64, 67, 80,
108, 116, 183, 260, 293, 311
Utopia, 102, 110, 118, 119
Visual prompt, 1, 99, 169, 247 Wordplay, 260, 304, 307, 308, 309, 327 Yarn (tall tale), 296, 298
Reading Skills
Analyzing the text, 5, 8, 11, 22, 31, 62, 75, 180, 185, 186, 226, 232, 262, 300, 306, 308, 325, 337
Annotating the text, 205, 225, 226, 294, 308, 327
Close reading, 4, 110, 308, 322, 324, 326, 327, 333
Compare, 27, 62, 67, 75, 80, 83, 96, 125, 185, 307
Compare and contrast, 103, 126, 337 Connecting to the text, 321
text-to-self, 177, 217, 230 text-to text, 177, 189, 217 text-to-world, 177, 217
Context, 10, 147, 311
Context clues, 8, 15, 31, 47, 62, 65, 71,
75, 79, 88, 104, 125, 126, 141, 149, 155, 159, 161, 181, 183, 186, 201, 206, 214, 223, 228, 232, 237, 240, 251, 256, 265, 272, 277, 283, 286, 289, 296, 298, 301, 302, 304, 311, 329
Imply, 17
Independent reading, 318, 325 Independent Reading Link, 4, 8, 22, 31,
59, 72, 89, 102, 121, 134, 139, 144, 151, 159, 172, 195, 201, 215, 219, 227, 234, 237, 250, 262, 276, 278, 295, 303, 332, 339
Independent Reading Plan, 4 Inferring, 9, 31, 53, 108, 116, 120, 130,
210, 224, 269 Informational text, 62, 155
features of, 155, 236
Levels of questions, 119, 123, 177, 275 Making meaning, 10, 306, 327
Marking the text, 8, 15, 17, 47, 62, 64, 70,
71, 75, 79, 85, 88, 104, 110, 125, 133, 141, 147, 149, 155, 159, 181, 183, 201, 206, 214, 216, 223, 228, 229, 232, 237, 240, 251, 262, 265, 272, 277, 283, 289, 296, 298, 301, 304, 306, 308, 311, 315, 324, 327, 329
Metacognitive markers, 17
Note-taking, 65, 104, 127, 134, 186, 187,
192, 226, 230, 260, 280, 287, 298, 315,
320, 327
Observation, 31
Paraphrase, 5, 219, 279, 294, 325, 327 Predicting, 10, 47, 198, 242, 285 Previewing, 8, 15, 22, 47, 62, 75, 88, 104,
110, 120, 125, 141, 147, 173, 175, 176,
181, 186, 201, 206, 214, 223, 228, 232, 237, 240, 251, 265, 272, 277, 283, 289, 296, 304, 324, 329
Prior knowledge, 195
Questioning the text, 119
Read aloud, 41, 173, 306 Reader/Writer Notebook, 4, 9, 16, 26,
36, 53, 63, 66, 72, 77, 79, 80, 82, 89, 108, 115, 121, 123, 126, 133, 142, 148, 150, 157, 161, 183, 184, 186, 204, 210, 215, 224, 229, 235, 238, 242, 255, 267, 273, 279, 285, 298, 300, 302, 305, 313, 325, 331
Rereading, 9, 16, 26, 36, 53, 63, 66, 72, 77, 79, 80, 82, 89, 108, 115, 126, 142, 148, 150, 157, 161, 183, 184, 186, 204, 210, 215, 224, 229, 235, 238, 242, 255, 267, 273, 279, 280, 285, 298, 300, 302, 305, 308, 313, 325, 331
Scanning, 131, 205, 327
Setting a purpose, 8, 15, 22, 31, 47, 62,
65, 71, 75, 79, 88, 104, 110, 125, 141, 147, 149, 155, 159, 181, 183, 186, 201, 206, 214, 223, 228, 232, 237, 240, 251, 265, 272, 277, 283, 289, 296, 298, 301, 304, 311, 324, 329
Sketching, 178, 306, 307
Skimming, 108, 131, 205, 327 SOAPSTone strategy, 225 Summarizing, 10, 28, 37, 116, 192, 243,
311, 327, 331
Textual evidence, 10, 26, 27, 36, 53, 54,
73, 109, 116, 117, 119, 133, 142, 150, 162, 226, 227, 229, 238, 256, 269, 293, 298, 305, 310
TP-CASTT strategy, 62, 63–65, 75 TWIST strategy, 268, 270
Visualizing, 8, 306, 311
Working from text, 10, 28, 54, 63, 67, 72,
83, 108, 116, 142, 148, 150, 157, 162, 185, 205, 211, 215, 225, 229, 238, 243, 257, 268, 274, 279, 287, 294, 298, 300, 303, 306, 314, 325, 331
Writing Skills
Analytical statement, 180, 269 Anecdote, 90, 270, 271
AQQS strategy, 90
Argument, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 150,
151, 159, 163, 256 effectiveness of, 150, 240, 243 validity of, 148, 149, 151, 153
Argumentative writing, 139, 140, 141, 158, 162, 167, 168, 227
Audience, 140, 143, 151, 152, 167, 189 Background information, 91, 96, 164
406 SpringBoard® English Language Arts Grade 8
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