Page 267 - SpringBoard_ELA_Grade8_Flipbook

aCTIvITy 3.19
raising awareness
LearNING STraTeGIeS:
Diffusing, Graphic Organizer, Note-taking, Collaborative Discussion
About the Author
Cesar Chavez (1927–1993) was born in Yuma, Arizona, to a family that worked as migrant farm workers. As a migrant worker himself in 1962, he founded the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA). This group led strikes throughout California against agricultural businesses, including grape growers and lettuce growers. The NFWA changed its name to the United Farm Workers of America, and Chavez continued to campaign for fair labor practices and worker safety with nonviolent protests. A year after his death, Chavez was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Speech
ADDRESS BY
Caesar Chavez,
PRESIDENT, UNITED FARM WORKERS OF AMERICA, AFL-CIO
My Notes
learning Target
• Evaluate the effectiveness of arguments in print texts.
Preview
In this activity, you will read part of a speech and think about how to make an argument effectively.
Setting a Purpose for Reading
• As you read the speech, mark with L words and phrases that use logos (facts) to support the argument, and mark with P words and phrases that use pathos (emotion).
• Circle unknown words and phrases. Try to determine the meaning of the words by using context clues, word parts, or a dictionary.
WorD CoNNeCTIoNS
Content Connections
Neuroblastoma is a tumor that affects young children. It commonly begins in the abdomen and develops from tissues in the part of the nervous system that controls body functions.
GraMMar USaGe
Verb Tenses
The present progressive verb tense describes an ongoing action that is happening at the same time the statement is written. This tense is formed by using am, is, or are with the verb form ending in -ing. For example, look at the first sentence in paragraph 10:
“In McFarland ... are being reported.” The words “are being reported” show that the action was happening when the writer wrote this article.
Pacific Lutheran University
March 1989, Tacoma, Washington
1 What is the worth of a man or a woman? What is the worth of a farm worker? How do you measure the value of a life?
2 Ask the parents of Johnnie Rodriguez.
3 Johnnie Rodriguez was not even a man; Johnnie was a five year old boy when he
died after a painful two year battle against cancer.
4 His parents, Juan and Elia, are farm workers. Like all grape workers, they are exposed to pesticides and other agricultural chemicals. Elia worked in the table grapes around Delano, California until she was eight months pregnant with Johnnie.
5 Juan and Elia cannot say for certain if pesticides caused their son’s cancer. But neuroblastoma is one of the cancers found in McFarland, a small farm town only a few miles from Delano, where the Rodriguezes live.
6 “Pesticides are always in the fields and around the towns,” Johnnie’s father told us. “The children get the chemicals when they play outside, drink the water or when they hug you after you come home from working in fields that are sprayed.
240 SpringBoard® English Language Arts Grade 8
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