Page 171 - SpringBoard_ELA_Grade7_Flipbook

aCTIvITy 2.13
continued
Just the right rhetoric: logical appeals
INdepeNdeNT
readING lINk
Read and Research
You just read two well- known speeches in class. Extend your understanding of these speeches by doing some outside research about the speaker, the historical context of the speech, or the social issues discussed in the speech. Use your Reader/ Writer Notebook to record what you learn from your outside research, as well as any questions, comments, or reactions you might have to your reading. You can also jot notes in your Independent Reading Log.
5. Craft and Structure: In this selection, what does the word “flourish” mean? 6. Knowledge and Ideas: Explain why this text would or would not be a credible
source if you were researching women’s rights.
Working from the Text
7. Revisit the speeches to identify the elements of argumentation: claim, reasons, evidence, and opposing arguments or counterclaims.
8. The use of logos is critical in presenting an argument that contains relevant and valid evidence. Scan your annotations for both speeches to find examples of logos. Discuss the effectiveness of each example for the purpose and audience of the speech.
9. Search the Internet for a recording of Sojourner Truth’s speech “Ain’t I a Woman,” and listen carefully for the speaker’s delivery. How does the speaker emphasize certain words or phrases to strengthen the argument? How effective is the delivery of the speech?
Language and Writer’s Craft: Using Rhetorical Devices
Authors of argumentative texts use rhetorical devices to create their appeals. Three commonly used rhetorical devices used in argumentation are the rhetorical question, parallel structure, and repetition.
• A rhetorical question is one for which the writer expects no reply, or the writer clearly directs the reader to one desired reply. Use rhetorical questions to emphasize an idea or to draw a conclusion from the facts. A rhetorical question may help remind your reader of a main point.
Example: Is that truly what we want for the environment? How can these facts lie?
• Parallel structure is using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. This can happen at the word, phrase, or clause level.
Example: “He had cooked dinner and eaten, boiled water for the next day’s canteen, pulled his packs up in a tree, set up the tent and arranged his sleeping bag and weapons.” (from Brian’s Return by Gary Paulsen)
• Repetition is when key words or phrases are repeated for emphasis or deliberate effect.
Example: “I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed . . . I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia . . . I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi . . .” (Martin Luther King, Jr.)
aCadeMIC voCabUlary
A counterclaim, also called
a counterargument, is a
claim made by someone with
an opposing opinion on a
given issue. When creating an
argument, you must be able to
argue against counterclaims.
My Notes
144 SpringBoard® English Language Arts Grade 7
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