Page 59 - SpringBoard_Writing_Workshop_Grade8_Flipbook

Writing Workshop 5 (continued)
My Notes
Educators and the public are divided over the value of implementing school- uniform policies in the public schools. This Digest examines arguments for and against school-uniform policies, identifies legal considerations, and offers guidelines for implementing policies on student dress.
What are the Arguments in Favor of School Uniforms?
One of the chief benefits of school uniforms, say proponents, is that they make schools safer. Uniforms are said to reduce gang influence, minimize violence by reducing some sources of conflict, and help to identify trespassers. Parents benefit because they are no longer pressured to buy the latest fashions, and they spend less on their children’s clothing.
Uniforms are also claimed to help erase cultural and economic differences among students, set a tone for serious study, facilitate school pride, and improve attendance (Cohn 1996, Loesch 1995, Paliokos and others 1996).
Proponents also say uniforms enhance students’ self-concepts, classroom behavior, and academic performance (Caruso 1996).
What are the Arguments in Opposition?
Opponents contend that school-uniform policies infringe upon students’ First Amendment rights to freedom of expression; interfere with students’ natural tendency to experiment with their identities; are tools of administrative power and social control; offer a piecemeal approach to issues of racial and economic injustice; and may discriminate against students from minority backgrounds (Caruso 1996, Cohn and Siegal 1996).
Some believe uniforms will not erase social class lines, because policies do not
apply to other items that can be used to convey status, such as jewelry, backpacks, and bikes. Uniforms may not be feasible in high schools, because older students are more independent. Others argue that it is wrong to make children’s right to a public-school education contingent upon compliance with a uniform policy (Caruso, Cohn and Siegal).
What are the Outcomes to Date?
Most preliminary findings come from the Long Beach (California) Unified School District, the first U.S. public school system to require uniforms for elementary and middle school students. Before implementing its policy in September 1994, the school district required approval from two-thirds of the parents (Caruso 1996).
Long Beach Superintendent Carl A. Cohn reported that during the first year suspensions decreased by 32 percent, school crime by 36 percent, fighting by 51 percent, and vandalism by 18 percent (Cohn). At Whittier Elementary, attendance rates have risen each year since the policy went into effect, reaching a high of 96 percent (Caruso).
Schools in Chicago, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, New York, and Virginia have made similar claims (Caruso).
Parents have responded favorably to uniform policies. In Long Beach, only 500 parents petitioned to opt their children out of the mandate. In a national marketing survey conducted by Lands End, a Wisconsin-based clothing catalog company, respondents agreed that a uniform policy “could help reduce problems associated with dress,” and most felt the price was “about the same or less than the cost of a regular school wardrobe” (CALIFORNIA SCHOOL NEWS). California requires school districts to subsidize the cost of uniforms for low-income students.
A 1996 survey of 306 middle school students in the Charleston, South Carolina, County School District found that school uniforms affected student perceptions of
10 SpringBoard® Writing Workshop with Grammar Activities Grade 8
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