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HEW How english Works: Pronoun Referents Learning Targets
• Apply understanding of pronoun antecedents and synonyms to comprehending and writing texts. PII.7.2a, PI.7.6c
• Express and explain ideas in both speaking and writing by citing text evidence. PI.7.11a
• Plan and give a short oral presentation. PI.7.9 Pronoun Referents
Reading Shakespeare is like going on a treasure hunt: you need to follow the clues that lead you to the text’s meaning. Two important clues to follow are pronoun referenents and synonyms. Pronouns always refer back to a specific noun, called its antecedent. Making sure you know what a pronoun is referring to can help you grasp a line or stanza’s meaning. Replacing unfamiliar words with synonyms can also help you paraphrase a line of stanza.
Look at the phrases from the monologue in the chart below, which contains lines with pronouns and unfamiliar words. Pronouns are in bold and vocabulary words are underlined. For the pronoun, find its antecedent and write it in the column. For the vocabulary word, write a synonym or paraphrase in the indicated column. Then rewrite each line, replacing the pronoun with its antecedent and the underlined word with a synonym.
ACTIVITY 3.5
Line
antecedent
synonym or Paraphrase
Revised Line with antecedent and synonym
Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting
music
Too much overindulging
Give me too much of music that, overindulging
The appetite may sicken, and so die
That strain again, it had a dying fall
O, it came o’er my ear
So full of shapes is fancy/ That it alone is high fantastical
Unit 4 • How We Choose to Act • Part 3: Twelfth Night 165
Language
Resources
Pronoun Referents Pronouns should refer clearly to its antecedent–the noun it is referring to.
example: Perhaps Duke Orsino is talking to court musicians when he tells them to play on.
Pronouns should agree in number and gender with
their antecedents. In the example above, them is plural because musicians is plural. He is masculine and singular because Duke Orsino is
one male.
Language Resources
synonyms
Synonyms are words or phrases that have the same general meaning as another word. Using a synonym can help you learn and use new words. Use a thesaurus to help you locate synonyms.
Word
synonym
excess
too much
notwithstanding
despite
capacity
size
validity
value
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