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Phonemes Chart
Phonemes
Phonemes are sounds. You can remember this by noticing the Greek root phone-, which means to listen. You have probably noticed this root in the words telephone or microphone.
Each letter in the alphabet has its own sound, or phoneme. When these phoneme parts are put together, they make up the sound of a word. Knowing phonemes is important because it helps you to decode words quickly as you read. Here are some ideas to help you learn phonemes:
1 Read each letter in the chart. Then read the key words. As you say the word, pay special attention to the phonemes that are underlined. For example, for /a/, you might say: haaaabitaaaat. Be careful with phonemes blend sounds together, such as: ouch. In this example, the /ow/ sound should be focused on, not the /o/ or the /u/ alone.
2 Choose one of the phonemes and then find other words that rhyme: brew, blew, chew, drew, crew, grew.
3 Haveyouheardoftonguetwisters?Theyaresentencesthatuse the same letters over and over. One example is: Silly Sodhka sells seashells by the sandy sea shore. Choose one of the phonemes and try to come up with your own tongue twister.
4 Work with a partner or a family member. Take turns saying words. Then try to guess which letter the word starts or ends with.
5 Write phonemes on many index cards. Shuffle them and pick a few cards. Put them together to make new words. It’s even better if they are not real words! Say the new words aloud.
Category
Short Vowel Sounds
Long Vowel Sounds
Other Vowel Sounds Vowel Diphthongs
R-Controlled Vowels
Phoneme
/e/ /i/ /o/ /u/ /a/ /e/ /i/ /o/ /u/ /oo/ /o o/ /ow/ /oy/ /a(r)/ /a(r)/ /i(r)/ /o(r)/ /u(r)/
Common Graphemes
a, au
e, ea
i
o, a, au, aw, ough
u, o
a, a_e, ay, ai, ey, ei
e, e_e, ea, ee, ey, ie, y i, i_e, igh, y, ie
o, o_e, oa, ou, ow
u, u_e, ew
oo, u, oul
oo, u, u_e
ow, ou, ou_e
oi, oy
ar
air, ear, are
irr, ere, eer
or, ore, oor
ur, ir, er, ear, or, ar
Key Words
habitat, vault
definite, steadfast
history, relic
plot, clause
until, clutter
decay, detain, fable
equality, referee, trolley emphasize, thigh, thy thorough, emotion, afloat brew, spectacular, substitute childhood, could, campus cartoon, intrude, brute trowel, vouch, arouse employ, recoil, boiler bombard, radar
earshot, affair, welfare irregular, mere, sheer shortage, core, mooring purify, rehearsal, calorie
/a/
204 SpringBoard® English Language Development Grade 6
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