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Close Reading WoRkshop
Close Reading of informational Texts in social studies/history
Learning Targets
• Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources.
• Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source;
provide an accurate summary of the source distinct from prior knowledge or
opinions.
• Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including
vocabulary specific to domains related to history/social studies.
• Describe how a text presents information (e.g., sequentially, comparatively,
causally).
• Identify aspects of a text that reveal an author’s point of view or purpose (e.g.,
loaded language, inclusion or avoidance of particular facts).
• Integrate visual information (e.g., in charts, graphs, photographs, videos, or maps)
with other information in print and digital texts.
Close Reading for Meaning
What does learning to read closely mean? As readers, we cannot just ask an author questions about the text. We must read the writer’s words, looking at what some words say explicitly and what others may imply about the writer’s meaning.
The writer of an informational text is also considered the speaker of that text. The writer’s purpose and tone convey the speaker’s voice to the reader. For example,
a writer whose purpose is to convince readers to try a new product may use an encouraging or excited tone. In contrast, a writer whose purpose is to warn readers about a possible danger may use a threatening or serious tone. You may need to read a text multiple times to determine the speaker’s purpose and tone. You might read a text first to identify the words you do not know. After learning what those words mean, you would read the text again using your new knowledge to help you more fully understand the content.
In this workshop, you will read four different texts and will practice close reading using strategies that will help you make meaning of the text. Your teacher will guide you through Activity 1. In Activity 2, you will work in a collaborative group to read and respond to the text. For Activity 3, you will work independently to apply close reading strategies to determine meaning in a new text.
leaRning sTRaTegies:
Diffusing, Close Reading, Marking the Text, Rereading, Summarizing, Paraphrasing
Introducing the Strategy: Diffusing
Diffusing is a strategy for close reading of text. Using this strategy, the reader identifies unfamiliar words in a text. The reader then uses context clues, dictionaries, and/or thesauruses to discover the meaning of these words. Writing notes about meaning or substituting synonyms for unfamiliar words helps the reader increase comprehension of the text.
Close Reading Workshop 5 • Close Reading of Informational Texts in Social Studies/History 61
aCademiC VoCabulaRy
The speaker is the real or imagined voice created by the writer or writers of a text. The purpose refers to the writer’s reason for creating the text. The tone is the writer’s attitude toward the subject.
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